Pura Besakih: The Mother Temple of Hindu Bali

Introduction

Pura Besakih, also known as the Besakih temple, is a magnificent temple complex located on the western slopes of Mount Agung in Bali. This temple, often referred to as the Mother Temple of Hindu Bali, offers breathtaking mountain scenery and is considered a sacred place by the Balinese people.

The Origins of Pura Besakih

The name Besakih comes from the word “Basuki”, which means Salvation in Sanskrit. In the Samudramanthana mythology, it is believed that Pura Besakih is the abode of Naga Besukian, the Dragon-God who inhabited Gunung Agung, Bali’s main volcano. It has been revered as a holy place since ancient times, with the first recorded mention of its existence dating back to 1007 AD.

The Significance of Pura Besakih

Besakih has held great importance in Balinese Hinduism for centuries. Since the 15th century, it has been regarded as the central temple of Hinduism in Bali. The main temple within the complex is Pura Penataran Agung, also known as the Great Temple of State. It serves as Bali’s main place of worship and consists of twenty-two temples spread across six terraces.

Tri Hita Kirana: The Balinese Belief System

The essence of Balinese belief can be seen in Pura Besakih’s design and purpose. The Balinese follow a philosophy called Tri Hita Kirana, which emphasizes maintaining balance and harmony between man and God, man and society, and man and his natural environment. This belief system reflects the holistic view that governs all aspects of life on earth.

Festivals at Pura Besakih

During full moons and special occasions like Odalan (celebrated every 210th day), Pura Besakih attracts Balinese worshippers and pilgrims from all over the island. The temple complex is elaborately decorated during these festivals, creating a vibrant and festive atmosphere.

How to Get to Pura Besakih

Pura Besakih is a popular tourist destination in Bali and can be easily reached from various starting points on the island.

From Kuta

If you are staying in Kuta, it will take approximately 2 hours to reach Pura Besakih by car. Start by heading east towards Sanur and follow the fast coastal route that connects to the Kusamba Bypass at Tohpati. Continue north until you see the road sign to Besakih, then turn north and drive for a few kilometers.

From Klungkung

For those staying in Klungkung, Pura Besakih is located about 20 kilometers north of the town center. You can take a Bemo, a small public bus, from Klungkung to Besakih. Bemos are most frequent in the morning, and it is recommended to change buses at Rendang, which is halfway between Klungkung and Besakih.

From Denpasar

If you are coming from the north of Denpasar, it will take approximately 25 kilometers by car to reach Pura Besakih. However, if you are staying in the eastern part of Bali (such as Tirta Gangga, Candidasa, or Amed), you can take a smaller inland road from Karangasem that will lead you to the crossroad between Besakih and Klungkung at Rendang. From there, turn right and continue your journey to Pura Besakih.

During your drive to Pura Besakih, you will be treated to beautiful views of forests, villages, and rice fields. If you have time, consider making a short stop in one of the villages to observe the local way of life and learn about their unique houses.

Conclusion

Pura Besakih is a remarkable temple complex that holds great significance in Balinese Hinduism. Its location on the slopes of Mount Agung, breathtaking scenery, and rich cultural heritage make it a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Bali. Whether you are a spiritual seeker or simply interested in experiencing the beauty of Balinese culture, Pura Besakih offers an unforgettable experience.